SARA PATHSHALA

Are you preparing for the Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) Officer exams or other competitive banking examinations in Nepal? This comprehensive practice set features 30 high-yield questions covering Microeconomics, Macroeconomics, and the Nepali Economy. From understanding market structures and Keynesian theory to analyzing the latest economic plans and industrial history of Nepal, this resource is designed to sharpen your concepts and improve your exam performance.

Master the quantitative section of the Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) and other competitive exams with this comprehensive practice set. This post covers 20 vital questions ranging from Arithmetic (Work & Time, Interest, Ratios) to Algebra and Statistics. Each question is designed to mimic the difficulty level of Lok Sewa Aayog and Banking exams, helping you build the speed and accuracy needed to succeed.

Preparing for the Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) Officer level or other competitive exams like ADBL or NBL requires a sharp understanding of both macroeconomic theories and the specific economic history of Nepal. This set of 30 practice questions is designed to test your knowledge of market structures, monetary policy, and national accounting. By working through these, you will identify your strengths and pinpoint areas that need more focus.

This set of 30 MCQs offers a comprehensive review for candidates preparing for the Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) Officer and other competitive civil service exams in Nepal. Covering essential topics from Microeconomics , such as the laws of demand and production functions, to Macroeconomics and the Nepalese Economy , these questions bridge the gap between theoretical concepts and practical exam requirements. Whether you are analysing the Ricardian theory of rent, understanding Keynesian liquidity traps, or identifying the role of the National Planning Commission, this practice set is designed to sharpen your objective reasoning and boost your confidence for the banking sector's rigorous selection process.

Looking for NRB Act 2058 MCQs? We have compiled 100 high-yield questions focusing on the functions, duties, and powers of Nepal Rastra Bank. This resource includes detailed coverage of the Board of Directors, currency issuance, and the legal provisions governing the financial sector in Nepal.

In traditional administration, budgets are often "incremental"—meaning organizations simply tweak last year’s numbers. The Planning, Programming, Budgeting System (PPBS) was created to change that. It is a management tool that integrates planning, programming, and budgeting into one seamless process to ensure that every dollar spent helps achieve a specific goal.

If you’ve ever felt like the system is rigged against you or that the world is running out of opportunities, you need to meet Jean-Baptiste Say (1767–1832) . While other economists of his time were worried about the world ending, Say was the ultimate optimist. He wasn't just a guy who wrote about money in dusty libraries; he was a rebel, a factory owner, and the man who turned the word "Entrepreneur" into a superpower.

In the realm of macroeconomics and public finance, Deficit Financing is a strategic tool used by governments when planned expenditure exceeds anticipated revenue. For a developing nation like Nepal, where infrastructure and social needs often outpace domestic resource mobilization, understanding the nuances of how this deficit is bridged is crucial for sustainable growth.

We’ve all met the Doomsday Uncle . In the world of economics, that was Thomas Malthus . He was the guy who looked at a beautiful sunset and worried about how dark it would be in four hours. He told the world that because the population grows faster than food, we are destined for misery. For decades, his "dark cloud" hung over humanity, making leaders believe that helping the poor was a waste of time.  Then came the "Anti-Malthus." His name was John Stuart Mill (J.S. Mill) .

In the context of development economics, the transformation of a nation's wealth often hinges on its ability to leverage its comparative advantage. For Nepal, this advantage lies in its vast water resources. With more than 6,000 rivers and a staggering theoretical hydropower potential of 83,000 MW , the water sector is the single most significant driver for Nepal’s transition toward a sustainable, industrialized economy.

Mastering the  Mathematics and Statistics  section is crucial for succeeding in the  Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB)  Officer and Assistant level competitive exams. This blog post features 20 handpicked practice questions that mirror the latest exam patterns, covering essential topics. Whether you are preparing for NRB, ADBL, or Lok Sewa exams, these questions will help you sharpen your problem-solving speed and accuracy. Test your knowledge, identify your weak areas, and build the confidence needed to crack the quantitative section!

Fiscal Policy is the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy. It is one of the two primary tools for macroeconomic management—the other being monetary policy (managed by central banks). In simple terms, fiscal policy is how a government decides to earn money (taxes) and spend money (expenditure) to achieve specific goals like economic growth, full employment, and price stability. In Nepal, Fiscal Policy is the primary economic instrument used by the Government of Nepal (GoN) to manage the national economy through the annual Federal Budget . It operates via three main channels: government expenditure (G), revenue collection through taxation (T), and public borrowing.

If you’ve ever been to a big South Asian wedding, you know the vibe. The music is loud, the lights are bright, and the Biryani smells incredible. But in the corner, there is always that one "Chacha" (uncle) looking at the massive crowd with a worried face. He’s counting the heads, looking at the size of the Deg (cooking pot), and whispering,  "The food is going to run out. Half these people are going home hungry." In the world of economics, that "Doomsday Uncle" was a man named  Thomas Robert Malthus . Writing in 1798, Malthus became the most famous pessimist in history. He didn't just worry about a wedding buffet; he worried about the entire planet. His predictions were so gloomy that they earned economics the nickname  "The Dismal Science."  But as we look at our bustling, vibrant, and well-fed world today, it’s clear: Malthus’s math was legendary, but his vision was limited.

This report, "Current Macroeconomic and Financial Situation of Nepal," released by Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB), provides a comprehensive overview of the Nepalese economy for the first five months of the fiscal year 2025/26 (ending mid-December 2025). The data reflect an economy characterized by exceptionally low inflation, a robust external sector with record-high foreign exchange reserves, and a surge in remittance inflows, contrasted with sluggish credit growth in the private sector.

Why Life is One Big Game of "This or That" Have you ever wanted to buy the latest iPhone, go on a trip with friends, and save money for your tuition fees all at the same time—only to realize your bank balance says you can only pick one? Congratulations! You’ve just experienced the core of modern economics. You’ve just met Lionel Robbins (1898–1984). While other economists were busy talking about gold and factories, Robbins looked at the human heart and realized that our desires are a bottomless pit, but our pockets have a floor. He is the man who proved that life is a series of difficult choices. If you are a student at  Sara Pathshala , you’ve likely seen his name in the first chapter of every economics book. But who was he really?

'The Man Who Turned Economic Chaos into the "Scissors" of the Market' If you’ve ever walked into a local 'bazaar', haggled over the price of a t-shirt at a mall, or wondered why a plate of momos costs more today than it did last year, you are living in  Alfred Marshall’s world .

  1. Ram takes twice as much time as Shyam and thrice as much time as Krishna to finish a piece of work. If they can finish the work together in 16 days, how many days will each take to finish it alone?

Remember when borrowing money felt... easy? For fifteen years, the world was at a party where the drinks were free, and the interest rates were zero. But look around. The lights just came on, the music stopped, and the bill just arrived. We called it the era of 'Free Money.' But in 2026, we’re facing a cold new reality: Sticky Inflation. It’s not just a phase anymore—it’s the new baseline. Central banks have stopped waiting for things to 'go back to normal' because this is the new normal. Meet the Neutral Rate. Think of it as the speed limit for the economy. For years, we were speeding at 0%. Now? The limit has been raised permanently. Money has a price again. And it’s not zero. Why does this matter to you ? Because that 'Free Money' party left a massive hangover. Your future mortgage? More expensive. Your business loan? Harder to get. Even your government is struggling to pay its own credit card bill. The weight of debt just got a lot heavier. The era of eas...

If you’ve ever wondered why your local "Babu" (official) is so slow, or why the price of petrol and milk keeps going up every time the government promises "free" schemes, you need to know Milton Friedman. He was a Nobel Prize winner who didn't care about fancy titles—he cared about YOUR freedom. He believed that the government is usually the problem, not the solution. Milton wasn't some grumpy billionaire. He was the son of struggling immigrants, and he was tiny—seriously, he was only five feet tall. But when he started talking about freedom, even the presidents got nervous. He was the 'Happy Warrior' who believed that if you give a person a choice, they’ll almost always do better than a politician.

Think Economics started in 1776? Think again. Meet Chanakya (Kautilya), the ancient Indian mastermind who wrote the "Arthashastra" in 300 BC. From the "Honeybee Tax Theory" to "Market Regulations" and "Public Welfare," Chanakya laid the foundation of modern finance 2,000 years before the West. Discover why he is the true Father of Economics.

1.  The Foundation Rule:  "All undertakings depend on wealth. Therefore, the greatest focus should be on the treasury." Modern Translation:  Cash flow is king. Before you dream of the empire, fix your budget.

The era of 'Made in China' is dying. Not because we stopped buying, but because the world just split in two. Welcome to the age of Geoeconomic Fragmentation. In 2026, it’s no longer about who is cheapest—it’s about who is your friend. The US and Europe are building walls of tariffs, while factories are fleeing to Vietnam and Mexico. We’re trading efficiency for security. The cost? Everything you buy just got more expensive. The global village? It just moved into gated communities.

Monetary policy refers to the actions taken by a central bank to manage the money supply and interest rates in an economy, to achieve goals such as controlling inflation. Inflation occurs when the general price level of goods and services rises over time, often due to increased demand or higher costs. To control inflation, central banks use various measures to reduce the money supply or make borrowing more expensive, which helps slow down economic activity and stabilize prices. Common monetary measures to control inflation include the bank rate, open market operations, and the reserve requirements ratio.

  Know the economists (Ep. 04) J. M. Keynes - The Man Who Saved Capitalism from Itself. John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946) is the man who "saved capitalism from itself." If the previous economists were about how the world works in theory, Keynes was about what to do when the world stops working. He is the father of Macroeconomics—the study of the economy as a whole. He was a brilliant mathematician, a patron of the arts, and part of the famous "Bloomsbury Group" (a circle of radical writers and artists like Virginia Woolf). He made a fortune for himself (and his college at Cambridge) by trading currencies and commodities from his bed every morning before he got up.

The Problem: The Confusion of "New Money": Most students think that only the Central Bank (NRB/RBI) can create money. They wonder: "If the bank only printed 100 rupees, how can the total deposits in the country be 1,000 rupees?" The answer is Commercial Bank Lending. The Step-by-Step Multiplier Process: Imagine the Central Bank sets the Required Reserve Ratio (RRR) at 10% . This means for every deposit, the bank must keep 10% in the vault and can lend the remaining 90%. Step A: You deposit Rs. 100 in Bank 1. Bank 1 keeps Rs. 10 (10%) and lends Rs. 90 to Person X. Step B: Person X buys a book. The Bookstore owner takes that Rs. 90 and deposits it into Bank 2. Bank 2 keeps Rs. 9 (10%) and lends Rs. 81 to Person Y. Step C: Person Y buys groceries. The Grocer deposits Rs. 81 into Bank 3. Bank 3 keeps Rs. 8.1 and lends the rest... Result: Even though there was only one physical 100-rupee note, the "Total Money Supply" (the sum of all deposi...