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1. Which of the following is NOT a feature of a mixed economy?
Complete absence of market
2. Which tax system is based on the principle of equity?
Progressive tax system
3. What is the major source of government revenue in Nepal?
Indirect taxes
4. Which is an example of a capital gains tax in Nepal?
Tax on profit from selling property
5. What is the main objective of a government budget?
Managing public expenditures and revenue
6. What does the concept of "marginal utility" measure?
Additional satisfaction from one more unit
7. What is the current per capita income of Nepalese people (approx.)?
USD 1430 per person per year
8. Who introduced the concept of the invisible hand?
Adam Smith
9. Which of the following measures economic inequality?
Gini Coefficient
10. What is the main goal of economic development?
Improved standard of living
11. Which of the following is a normative economic statement?
Government should reduce unemployment.
12. What does "opportunity cost" refer to?
The next best alternative forgone
13. Which curve depicts income inequality graphically?
Lorenz Curve
14. What kind of good has a negative income elasticity of demand?
Inferior goods
15. What is the primary focus of microeconomics?
Firm-level decisions
16. Which economic concept relates to "guns versus butter"?
Trade-off decisions
17. What does a vertical supply curve indicate?
Perfectly inelastic supply
18. If nominal GDP rises faster than real GDP, this indicates:
Inflation
19. Price elasticity of demand is measured as:
Ratio of percentage change in quantity demanded to price
20. What is the shape of the total cost curve in the short run?
U-shaped
21. What type of market structure has only one buyer?
Monopsony
22. What is the slope of the demand curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive market?
Horizontal
23. Which of the following occurs when one party has more information than another?
Asymmetric information
24. The profit-maximizing condition for a firm is:
MC = MR
25. Indifference curves for perfect complements are:
L-shaped
26. Marginal cost intersects the average cost at:
Minimum point
27. What type of goods have a positive cross price elasticity?
Substitutes
28. Which market structure features collusion?
Oligopoly
29. What is producer surplus?
Difference between willingness to sell and price received
30. Which of the following is true under the expenditure approach of GDP in a closed economy?
C + I + G
31. The Phillips Curve shows the relationship between:
Inflation and unemployment
32. What happens to real GDP during a recession?
It decreases
33. Which of the following is an example of expansionary fiscal policy?
Reducing taxes
34. What is the natural rate of unemployment?
Unemployment when the economy is at full employment
35. The Keynesian Cross model is used to analyze:
Aggregate demand and output equilibrium
36. What is "crowding out" in fiscal policy?
Increase in government borrowing reducing private investment
37. What is measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI)?
Changes in the cost of a consumption basket of goods and services
38. Which policy tool is used to control inflation?
Re-purchase Agreement (Repo)
39. What is stagflation?
High inflation and high unemployment
40. What shifts the aggregate supply curve to the right?
Technological advancements
41. In the IS-LM model, what does the IS curve represent?
Equilibrium in the goods market
42. Which of the following measures central tendency?
Median
43. The sum of all probabilities for a probability distribution is:
- 1
44. In a normal distribution, approximately what percentage of data falls within one standard deviation from the mean?
- 68%
45. Which of the following sampling methods is random?
Stratified sampling
46. What does the p-value represent in hypothesis testing?
Probability of observing the data given the null hypothesis is true
47. What is the variance of a data set with values 2, 4, 6, 8?
- 6
48. Which graphical tool is used to show the relationship between two variables?
Scatter plot
49. What does a high standard deviation indicate?
Data points are widely spread from the mean
50. Which of the following is NOT a measure of dispersion?
Median
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